The ethical issues surrounding the complexity of transnational economy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2859 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? Executive Summary The ethical issues surrounding the complexity of transnational economy has given rise to the urgent need for garment retailers to set policies that draw on business practice reflecting ethical standards. The debate behind these ethical issues stems from poor conditions that follow the profit pursuit by international commodity chains in the apparel industry. Also, the pursuit for a competitive edge motivate retailers to demand garment supplies through unethical methods such as forcing workers to work excessive hours and produce quickly without ruining the quality of garments. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The ethical issues surrounding the complexity of transnational economy" essay for you Create order In the process workers forfeit their breaks and are denied overtime pay. Consequently, British clothing retailers are required to adopt a structure that involves cooperating with other firms, trade unions and human rights groups; encouraging employee organising and involvement; minimise the impact of price on wages and working conditions across the supply chain and making an ethical guideline to ensuring that all workers are paid a living wage. Although majority of the garments are produced in India, Bangladesh and China, this report will focus mainly on China because of its strength in human resources and technology as well as potential as regards labour and natural resources. Also this report will differentiate between minimum wage and living wage, highlight issues with wages along the supply chain, and identify competitors that have committed to living wage. In addition the report describes the nature of clothing industry in China, justifies the business case for decent w orking condition and points out barriers to introducing change and operating HR practices and policies. Introduction: Managing human resources is a key factor in determining the success or failure of a business. From a global viewpoint, Multi-National Companies strive to compete to exploit opportunities that globalization offers. This quest for success has paved way for the recognition and importance of effectively managing human resources (Scullion 1995). However, the pursuance of diverse interests of employees (Kelloway et al 2004) of Multi-National Companies (MNC) and the impact of poor HR practices and policies on their productivity, morale and well-being also contribute to failure in business. (Tayeb 2005) In view of this, some theorists (Maslow 1943; Marx 1988; Smith 2003) argue that an employees interest which lies in the ability to afford the basic necessities of life is determined by the wage earned and so wage is a primary means of survival. Given that wage is based on labour and work determines the framework to life, fulfilment and identity of an employee; it is important that wage u nderlines the value and dignity of work by providing a sufficient remuneration for carrying it out. In that way it creates a rationale to how employees make distinctions between their worth and themselves since the level of their confidence and financial security depicts the value of they earn. Living wage vs. Minimum wage Employers are ethically obliged to pay a fair wage whenever possible (Figart 2001). However, whether an employer is legally required to pay wages at least slightly above the basic subsistence level, it doesnt automatically mean that it is sufficient to provide a decent living for the employee as Figart (2001) argues. Waltman (2000) refers to the former as minimum wage and the latter as living wage. Therefore it can be argued that since a minimum wage is enforced by law in which the government is inclined to balancing the needs of workers as well as the interests of employers then a voluntarily paid living wage is more beneficial than the minimum wage. The level of living wage is calculated using calculation approach or negotiated approach (Waltman 2000) and is based on the expenditure that is required for a decent standard of living as measured by the criteria of the society in which the employee lives (Waltman 2004). Issues with wages along the supply chain In the supply chain payment of wages to employees is given less priority because employers focus more low production cost or on deducting administration and raw materials costs and as such employees are paid partial wages or denied wages for months. What is more is that they disrespect minimum wage legislation, discriminate against migrant workers and neglect social contributions by paying informal employees in an informal way (Whitehead 2010). Presently, campaign movements like Labour behind the Label (LBL), Clean Clothes Campaign (CCC) defend garment workers efforts worldwide to improve their working conditions and they liaise with trade unions, consumer organisations, campaign groups, and charities to achieve their objective. Commitment to living wage LBL campaign reports that British clothing retailers like Burberry, Arcadia group, Aurora fashions, Primark, Gap, Next, Monsoon Accessorize and New look, Marks and Spencer (Johnstone 2010) are making commitments to a living wage project. For example, Burberry demonstrates commitment to paying living wage by stating living wages are paid in section 5.2.5 of its Ethical Trading policy claiming that implementing an ethical sourcing strategy helps it achieve its business objectives. Although many of these high profile British brands in the Clothing industry openly acknowledge the need to increase the poverty wages paid to garment workers in their commodity chain, they tend to concentrate more on workers productivity rather than on rewards. Indeed the situation of wage behind the UK High street is disturbing as garment workers labour excessive hours in pitiable working conditions to provide to produce garments worth over  £36 billion a year for high profile British Clothing retaile rs (LBL report 2009). In spite of this, these workers wages are too low to afford them the basic necessities of life. Having pointed out how some British clothing retailers have committed to paying a living wage, following is a brief description of the nature of clothing business in one of our supply base, China. Nature of clothing industry in China The clothing industry in China is a typical buyer-driven chain that is highly intensive in labour.  [1]  The workforce is made up of women where majority are migrants (Chan 2004). It is a typical factory norm to work beyond the legal limit  [2]  that is approved by the Chinese labour law  [3]  (Chan 2005). HR Issues (China Supply Chain) Low wage and piece-rate payment system  [4] Tight labour control,  [5]  exploitation,  [6]  physical and sexual abuses, discrimination, health and safety neglect. Workers are deprived the right to freedom of association and are persecuted for protesting or striking against unfair employment practices. Chinese internal migration regulations subject migrant workers to the economic bondage and exploitation  [7]  . This shows that Chinese garment workers sweat high profits for British clothing brands at the detriment of their dignity, health and above all lives. PEST Analysis: Kotler (1998) argues that a PEST analysis (Luffman et al 1996) is a necessary technique to appreciate the potential and operations of a business. Political Environment: Governments trade restrictions, labour laws and policies (freedom of association). Economic Environment: Price of commodity, labour market (living wage), demand, customer behaviour, taxation on trade and workers. Social Environment: Fast fashion, employment conditions Technological Environment: Machineries, computers and tools used in the production, packaging and distribution units. The business case for decent working condition The awareness of poor working conditions in the garment industry calls for employers to apply ethical reasoning to business practices as well as play ethical roles in managing people. Just as Bohlander, Snell Sherman (2001) argue that people play important roles in developing the competitive advantage of a business, a business case should be considered in order to improve general employment conditions operating within production units owned by suppliers. The rationale for this case is that if garment workers continue to work under inhumane working conditions, this could affect the business in the following ways: Living wage Smith (1776) argued that an employee who performs manual or industrial labour is more active and efficient when wages are high. Meanwhile, motivation theorists (Maslow 1954, Herzberg 1959, Alderfer 1972 cited in Hume 1995) link remuneration to motivation and Steel-Johnson et al (2000) relate motivation to ability and productivity. Therefore, unfair pay le ads to less motivation, reduced productivity and decreased efficiency. Consequently, the company suffers high employee turn-over and since theres a shortage of skilled labour  [8]  in the supply base (China), recruiting more workers and retaining existing workers will be an unnecessary cost to put up with as research indicates  [9]  . For instance, Barclays bank has benefited from paying a living wage  [10]  . On the contrary, an economic critique argues that living wage contributes to unemployment, inflation and business failure (ibid). However, the unavailability of evidence (ibid) marks this argument unreliable. To this end, it can be argued that until there is a concrete proof that paying living wage produces adverse outcomes, there is nothing wrong with paying workers wages that meet the cost of their basic needs and standard of living. Branding, Business reputation and Customer relationship: Researchers have linked branding to high profits (Gobe 2001), differ entiation, enhanced customer loyalty and satisfaction (Hollensen 2003) and competitive advantage (Martin and Beaumont 2003).Therefore, a business is at the risk of losing customers and investors if the press and other interested groups like ILO, NGOs, ethical shoppers  [11]  and campaign movements such as CCC, LBL find out about its poor employment conditions. The impact of this tainting exposure may affect the relationship it has with consumers. For instance, Marks and Spencers (MS) faced a high profile embarrassment in December 2010 for exploiting its workers in the garment industry  [12]  . Therefore retaining an unethical trading system will weaken customer relationship as well as tarnish the image and reputation of the business thus diminishing its opportunity for a competitive edge. Statutory standards and Ethical Code compliance: Moreover the risk of losing business and tainting corporate image is high if its suppliers do not adhere to the legal standards concer ning wages, health and safety, work hours and child labour plus ethically apply codes of labour practice set by for instance the LBLs Ethical Trading Initiative Code (ETI). More so, if a company decides to take business somewhere else it contributes to unemployment and unsavoury outcomes; it is like adding insult to injury. For example, in year 2000, GAP suffered from such predicament  [13]  but made amends by ensuring its suppliers complied with ethical codes and legal standards. Health, safety and work environment Furthermore if workers produce in a hazardous work environment, it can affect the quality of work (garments will be badly sewn or soiled with dirt), disrupt their work pattern which will prolong production and supply time likewise the health and safety of workers. Of course the outcome is cost incentive (high staff turnover and low product turnover). Management of migrant workers Additionally, migrant workers dominate the supply chain and the attraction f or recruiting migrant workers lie in their satisfactory work ethics. However, suppliers tend to indirectly recruit and employ migrant workers and this leads to high possibilities of abuse and increased costs. Also migrant workers are not provided with sufficient training, effective dispute resolution and are not protected under laws at national level. As such, Pfeffer (1998) argues that managing people effectively can significantly enhance economic performance. Therefore, managing people ineffectively can increase turnover, absenteeism, reduce productivity as well as tarnish corporate image and attract unnecessary media cost. Buying practices So far the issue of paying a living wage and improving working conditions have been raised. Similarly, purchasing patterns such as changing orders at the eleventh hour, shortening lead times and insisting on low prices from suppliers leads to unnecessary overtime and payment of low wage  [14]  . And so by adopting an ethical pattern t o procurement, the business prevents substandard produce, delayed supply, extra cost and short-term supplier relationship. What is more is the reputational risk that follows with purchasing practices that violate human rights. Of course a sustainable retail company needs a long-term relationship with an ethical supplier. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Embracing a CSR strategy towards improving employment conditions requires the moral obligation of a business towards others who are affected by the organisations actions (Sims 2003). Sinzig (2010) argues that CSR is the voluntary engagement of a company to undertake ethical practices in labour and employment by enhancing the workplace of all employees by going beyond existing regulatory standards and meeting stakeholders claims. In a nutshell, Zadek (2007) argues that the pursuit of CSR strategy provides the organisation with at least the following specific business and HR benefits; Improved customer loyalty Improved employee productivity, satisfaction, commitment, retention and recruitment practice Less legal issues and reduced conflict Higher profits and lower capital costs Access to capital Risk management Increased organisational performance Superior brand name Innovation and Learning Barriers to introducing change: There are obstacles that work against introducing change. They are listed below as follows: Living wage: Academics (Briscoe and Schuler, 2004) argue that paying a living wage results to unemployment, inflation, business close down, immigration pitfall and work shortage yet economist argue that it increases purchasing power and enhances productivity (Sidney and Webb 1897). Similarly, Waltman (2004) argues that there are no evidences to prove the reality of adverse outcomes claimed by anti-living wage supporters and Arkin (2011) concurs by asserting that the added value from higher pay is proportionally greater than the cost of the increase. Nevertheless an obstacle here is computing a fair profit rate taking into account the company bears cost in organising production, selling finished products, ensuring continuity and capital risk. In addition, because paying a living wage is not bound by law, suppliers would argue that the government increases the statutory minimum wage in p reference to committing to paying a non-statutory living wage. It could then be argued that minimum wage should represent a floor while living wage should represent ethical practice standard but bearing in mind that minimum wages differ according to countries Britain is  £5.93 per hour (ONS 2010) and China is 800.0 RMB per month ( £75.3) (TRAVAIL legal databases 2009) -, it becomes problematic tackling the following questions; Since living wage in London is  £7.85, will it be ethical to pay workers in China the same? How realistic is this? Compliance and monitoring: Another barrier to introducing change is the issue of compliance. Regarding suppliers complying with ethical standards, retailers adopt a cookie-cutter method in bringing in change because it saves them the time to supervise. Unfortunately this doesnt help in China because suppliers tend to falsify documents, train workers to lie or bribe auditors  [15]  in order to sustain good relationship with reta ilers. Therefore audit results become unreliable to work with. Likewise when a supply base is used by several brands, it tends to be shady about its work practices when undergoing an audit from an external firm. Barriers to operative HR policy and practice: Convergence and Divergence: Brewster et al (2002) point out that the effectiveness of global HRM depends on the ability to judge the extent to which an organisation should implement similar practices across the globe (Converge) or adapt them to suit local conditions (Diverge). Therefore reaching a balance between laws, practices or policies to be implemented (International or local) and which will achieve better outcomes tend to frustrate the operationalization of HR policies and practices. Environmental factors: Gerhart and Fang (2005) argue that there are discrepancies in centrality of markets, institutions, regulations, collective bargaining and labour-force characteristics between global environments and the influence of these issues create problems in managing people. For example, the ban on freedom of association in China by the government is seen as infringing on civil rights in a British and international setting. Therefore implementing policies and practices like employee involvement and collective bargaining over wages can be difficult to guarantee because of persecution workers receive from the Chinese government. Recruitment and cost: The need to allocate to senior management the responsibility of implementing this ethical trade action plan in the supply base requires intensive training. On the other hand, the size of the supply factory will entail recruiting and financing more human resources to execute the project. And so, this could delay operations. Also it is expensive to hire audit specialist considering the size of the supply base and economy. Besides, recruiting and training an internal workforce to on skills that will prepare them to strictly inspect and report labour practices will attract a higher financial plan. What is more is the issue of measuring expatriates operations since performance standards differ across borders. Recommendation and Conclusion A living wage should underline the value and dignity of work as well as be sufficient to afford basic needs. The benefit of setting up a policy that guides the conduct of the business as well as its workers varies from legal protection to better consumer and public relationship. Therefore, it is important that the retail company considers its current business practices and provide its suppliers with improved working settings through incorporating ethical trading practices. This can be done by employing a systematic plan of action that embraces commitment in integrating ethical trading, monitoring and supervising development effectively as well as training employees within the organisation and its supply base. It is clear that retaining a low road competitive strategy rather than a high road approach to competitiveness can hinder profit and also violate human rights. Therefore to ethically apply a cost minimization strategy, retailers should improve on technology used in the p roduction unit. Replacing manual processes with automated operations and increasing the flexibility of machines will speed up the production cycle and reduce lead time, cost of labour and production. This innovation will control purchasing practice, overtime and maximise profits which will be needed to pay worker a living wage.

Creatine is a Safe Alternative To Steroids Essay - 468 Words

Creatine is a Safe Alternative To Steroids How can I build muscle, boost my performance and lose fat? This question has generated hundred of books and magazine titles. Many people even risk their health in a chance to look buff. If you spend the time reading these articles you will certainly find no shortage of proposed answers, complete with picture documentation of the results with the use sport supplements. Even recreational athletes who might play softball on the weekend or shoot a game of hoops on occasion find it hard to resist the messages that promise the bigger muscles, and thinner body, and all from a bottle or pill. Creatine is perhaps the best supplement ever to hit the sports nutrition market. Creatine is a†¦show more content†¦A number of studies have examined the effect of creatine supplementation on performance. The consensus appears to be that creatine can increase the amount of work done by 8% in the first few short duration, maximal effort trials. Creatine also helped reduce energy waste. As a result, creatine enhances performance and decreases you muscle fatigue. Opposition to the supplement says that creatine is unnatural. If fact a normal liver makes about 2 grams of creatine each day. Creatine is also found available from the red meat in your diet. Creatine can be a great benefit to those with bodies that dont produce enough of the substance naturally. Some opponents to creatine want to classify creatine as a steroid. Creatine is classified as a supplement under the Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act of 1994 and is available over the counter to anyone. Creatine has proven to enhance the performance of athletes of many sports. The opinion of Shannon Sharpe, the Denver Broncos tight end, will not be swayed. He said definitely, I believe that it works. He has plenty of company. No one knows exactly how many athletes us creatine, but, as Outside the Lines reported in a television special, and estimated 75 perc ent of Super Bowl champion Denver Broncos favor the use of creatine. Creatine also received a huge boost when reporters revealed that St. Louis Cardinal MarkShow MoreRelatedSteroids and Our World758 Words   |  3 PagesAnabolic steroids are synthetic steroid hormones made to resemble testosterone. These drugs are not the only performance enhancing drugs (PED’s) out there. Some are not even steroids, such as: creatine, tamoxifen, propranolol, cox-2, albuterol, ephedrine, and erythpoietin. These performance enhancing drugs may be boosting the skill level in an athlete’s career, but it is doing no good to the health of the athlete himself. Multiple sports are having reports of athletes using PED’s including baseballRead More Steroids Essay1200 Words   |  5 Pages What are Steroids? Until the year 1935 scientists never knew that testosterone steroids were associated with an increase in muscle production. During the next two years scientists found through research with dogs that in certain circumstances steroids had an increase on muscle mass production. There are three major divisions of steroids: corticosteroids, estrogens and progestogens, androgens. Corticosteroids are found in both prescription and non-prescription creams that are used to control rashesRead MoreErgogenic Aids Essay3570 Words   |  15 Pagesof action, available research, adverse effects, and legality) that will help them counsel patients. Common ergogenic aids include anabolic steroids, which increase muscle mass. These illegal supplements are associated with a number of serious adverse effects, some irreversible. Creatine modestly improves athletic performance and appears to be relatively safe. Dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione do not improve athletic performance but apparently ha ve similar adverse effects as testosteroneRead MoreShould Drugs Be Banned?1869 Words   |  8 Pagesthe drugs should be controlled and made legal. What actually is a performance-enhancing drug? ‘A performance-enhancing drug is any substance taken by sportsman and woman to improve their sporting performance. This term typically refers to anabolic steroids used in sports by professionals and amateurs’. [1] My argument will go into why these drugs should be banned completely and that we should come down hard on all the athletes involved, also my argument will show the other side of the story, why theseRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesPopulation Proportion 482 9.3 Conï ¬ dence Interval for a Population Mean 495 x ââ€"   Contents 9.4 Interpreting and Communicating the Results of Statistical Analyses 508 Activity 9.1 Getting a Feel for Conï ¬ dence Level 514 Activity 9.2 An Alternative Conï ¬ dence Interval for a Population Proportion 515 Activity 9.3 Verifying Signatures on a Recall Petition 516 Activity 9.4 A Meaningful Paragraph 516 Graphing Calculator Explorations 521 10 Hypothesis Testing Using a Single Sample 10.1 Hypotheses

Most Memorable Day of My Life Free Essays

string(89) " of virtual communication that we are lacking a physical contact with our acquaintances\." Ten years ago, the Internet was practically unheard of by most people. Today, the Internet is one of the most powerful tools throughout the world. The Internet is a collection of various services and resources. We will write a custom essay sample on Most Memorable Day of My Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Internet’s main components are E-mail and the World Wide Web. Actually, there’s a lot more to the Internet than E-mail, search engines, celebrity web sites, up-to-the-second sports scores, and chat rooms full of discussions. The Net also ranks as one of today’s best business tools. Almost all households contain the Internet; however, before people connect to the Internet, they need to be aware of its disadvantages and advantages. Many people fear the Internet because of its disadvantages. They claim to not use the Internet because they are afraid of the possible consequences or are simply not interested. People who have yet connected to the Internet claim they are not missing anything. Today’s technological society must realize that it is up to them to protect themselves on the Internet. There is no doubt that the Internet is one of the greatest humankind’s inventions of the last century. It is fast and easy way to get a lot of valuable information. However, some people believe that the Internet creates many problems. From my point of view I think that the Internet brings us advantages as well as disadvantages. First of all, I think that the Internet brings us many benefits. People can have access to the latest news, weather, traffic, bid-and-asked quotations, etc. Another important benefit is that the Internet is a great means of communication. A few years ago it was rather difficult to imagine that it would be possible to communicate with people from all around the world. Students have the opportunity to speak to the professors from prestigious universities, ask their opinions and extend their range of interests. People have the opportunity to communicate with the people from other countries, find out their customs, traditions and even visit each other. I think that the Internet makes our world smaller and friendlier. We’ ve got the chance to learn more about the world’s history, our forefathers and gain more knowledge. From the other hand, many questions and difficulties arose with the appearance of the Internet. For example, children got the easy access to the information they are not supposed to read. Also, people’s security and rivacy are often violated through steeling and gathering information about people and then selling it. Many banks had to increase their Internet security because of hacking. However, I believe that Internet gave us more advantages and opportunities than disadvantages and problems. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING INTERNET In the history of mankind, the Internet is the greatest development in the domain of communication industry. Internet h as tremendous potential and a lot to offer in terms of services. We can notice advantages and disadvantages of using Internet. In the beginning we can indicate some advantages. At first, Internet is a source of information. There is a huge amount of information available on the Internet for just about every subject known to man, for example from government law and services, market information, new ideas and technical support. Students use Internet to doing their homeworks. Even teachers have started giving assignments that require extensive research on the Internet. Intenet can be also a tool to comunication. We can send email or use chat rooms to contact with person who physically is a thousand kilometres away. We can talk to our friends or strange people, who looking for new friends. But to majority of users, Internet is source of only entertaiment. Downloading games, movies, music or just surfing the celebrity websites are some of the uses people have discovered. We can also notice some disadvantages of using Internet. First disadvantage is theft of personal details. If we use the Internet, our personal information such as your name, address, credit card, bank details and other information can be accessed by culprits. Also It is possible for Internet users to become habitually addicted. People suffering from Internet addiction use the virtual world to as a substitution for real-life human connection. At last, computers are getting viruses from the Internet. Virus is is a program which disrupts the normal functioning of your computer systems. Computers attached to internet are more prone to virus attacks and they can end up into crashing our hard disk. Similar to each and every invention, the Internet has a both of advantages and disadvantages. It depends on us, what we choose. Some advantages and disadvantages of internet Availability of Knowledge Advantages The internet which was once just a little puddle, now, have become an ocean; an ocean of knowledge. It is like a magical crystal ball which has an answer for every question of yours and the best thing about it is; it is completely free. I know how much I have learnt from the internet. How internet is better than books when it comes to knowledge? The answer to this would be the infinity of the internet. Plus, apart from this, learning from internet is much more fun. You have all kinds of videos about basically every topic that you can imagine of. Disadvantages If availability of knowledge helps people to do good things, it is also, a help for evil. There are thousands of websites which tells you ways to make a bomb or how to commit suicide. People even learn how to hack websites from the internet. Communication Advantages Another amazing thing about the internet is the communication that it makes possible. Most of the business firms communicate with each other with the help of e-mails. It is not only a faster way but also the safer way too. With internet you can video chat with a person who might be in some other continent as of yours. Disadvantages We are getting so use to of virtual communication that we are lacking a physical contact with our acquaintances. You read "Most Memorable Day of My Life" in category "Papers" It is separating us from the real world around us, which I think smothers the development of personality of an individual. Smaller World Advantage Due to internet our world is becoming smaller and smaller. Computers which are connected to internet are connected to each other. This facilitates the transfer of a file or even a folder from one computer to another. Disadvantage Due to this connection your personal data canbestolen from your computer. Various kinds of virus, malware, and spyware enter your computer via internet. Convenience Advantages With the help of the internet we can do almost everything at home. We can do everything from paying bills to buying airline tickets, from finding jobs to ordering stuff. It sure saves us lots of time in this busy and competitive world. Apart from this, it also saves us energy so that you can put that energy to more productive things. Disadvantages Like every technology, internet too reduces your effort but in return it takes a toll on your health. As you can get practically everything sitting at your home you don’t go around physically. So, your physical activity goes to nil. I believe any type of transaction that you do on internet is unsafe. Hackers can suck all of your life’s savings if you use internet banking services. Social Network Advantages Social networks have changed our lives. It is like a virtual world. I personally think if you have an account in a social networking website then you are never alone. There is always something happening. I think the best part of social networking websites is, they can sometimes work like a support group because I feel someone can tell what they feel and people listen to it. It is like an outlet for your emotions, which, if kept inside screws an individual mind. Disadvantages As everything else this also have negative effects. According to me, the wastage of time is the biggest damage that social networking websites cause. Porn Advantage It is believed that people who are not sexually satisfied cannot work at their best. As everyone doesn’t have a partner, so, I think porn can help in releasing that sexual tension. And with the help of internet these porn/videos are easily available and for free. Disadvantage I’ll list some of the many disadvantages that it has. First of all, the children are getting more involved in porn, due to this; they are losing their innocence at a very little age. The violence that is shown in the video that are available in the internet is quite disturbing. I read about a serial killer named called, Ted Bundy. He gave an interesting theory about serial killers. He said people with these kinds of tendencies have some background with such type of cruel and violent porn. Virtual Information Advantage With more people relying on internet for getting information the usage of books will also reduce. This will decrease deforestation and will prove eco-friendly. Disadvantage If people will choose internet over books this will increase the energy consumption. Jobs Business Advantage Thousands of people are using internet to get their bread and butter. There are all types of jobs available on the internet from data entering to translation. Websites and blogs are solely internet based businesses and rom what I know people are earning quite a healthy amount of money from it. You just need an idea and great determination to pull it off. Disadvantage To tell you the truth I don’t think there is a valid disadvantage to this but if I be a little strict a low wage might be one. I some cases, it depends upon the country in which you reside American and Europeans are paid highest. Entertainment Advantage I think more than anything mentioned above entertainme nt is the thing for which the internet is used. You can find almost every song made anywhere in the world on the internet and same is for movies. All sorts of multiplayer games can be played with an opponent who might be on the other side of the world; thanks to internet. Disadvantage Internet has encouraged the concept of piracy. Due to this, the individual or the production house or the music label that produces a particular piece of music/movie/video game ends up with a hole in their profits. Asking a question Advantage If there is a question in your mind of which no answer can be found neither in the books nor on the internet itself then, there are lots of sites available in which you can put a question and there will be millions of people answering it. As you don’t need to reveal any identity to do so; you can ask the most embarrassing questions. Disadvantage Most of the people answering these questions are not qualified professionals. This leads to lot of myths spreading around. Data Storage Advantage There are lots of sites on which you can store your vital data by paying a small rent of the hard disk that it takes. For very important things like wedding video or pictures which you don’t want to lose can be stored there because crashing of the hard drive is not a very rare sight now a days. Disadvantage We have seen endless number of times in history that these kinds of sites have been compromised by hackers. This creates a fear in the mind of users about the secrecy of their content. Your Opinion – Advantages and disadvantages of internet So, here we are at the end of the article. I have tried to put some advantages and disadvantages of internet in a non-conventional kind of way from what you’ll normally see. In case there is something that went past then you can share it with rest of us. Thank you. How to cite Most Memorable Day of My Life, Papers

Legal Risk Management for the Flaggs †Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss About the Legal Risk Management for the Flaggs? Answer: Introducation The construction industry is full of many risks which are experienced when the decision of construction is made (Atkin, Borgbrant Josephson, 2003). Different parties such as the architect, the owner and the contractor are in charge of different decisions which are made in the construction industry. The pre-construction and the construction industries are key the major areas where the risks are able to happen each day the activities are underway. The availability of the risks is every project is a common norm and Faggs Mitre 10 project is not an exception to the existence of the risks. For this project, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd, P. J. O'Reilly Associates and Lyons construction are the key parties who are able to handle the different risks for the project. Moreover, these parties are able to act at different capacities and this means that the parties are charged to be responsible for the different risks in the project (Lingard, H., Rowlinson, 2005). For the past few decades, the innovation and growth in the construction industry has led to a high increase of the risks, which are involved (Engineers, 2006 and National Research Council (U.S.), 2009). The projects in the construction are becoming more complex and uncertainties are increasing each day. This has given rise and increase of the risk management within the construction industry. The increase and complexity of the Faggs Mitre 10 project is complex enough to lead to the increase of these risks. The need to resolve them is key to ensure that the different parties are able to execute their responsibilities well. The risk management process is therefore a key process for this project to ensure that the execution is done and completed on time (Edwards, 2009). Failure to the address of the risks, the projects face the risk of being closed up. Coordination of all these parties is key in ensuring that the project is a success and the mitigation of the risks is achieved at any given time. This paper will be able to ana lyze the different risks which the Feggs Mitre 10 project. In addition, the paper will be able to analyze the key parties who are responsible to resolving these risks (Manseau Shields, 2005). Moreover, the paper will analyzed the key dispute resolution measure which the parties can be able to apply when resolving these risks. At the pre-construction phase, one of the key risk which projects ate able to face is the delay in the approval of the designs and other drawings. The design approval must be done before the construction of the projects is able to start (Li, Poon, Proske, 2013). The architect, P. J. O'Reilly Associates should be able to conduct the authorities who are responsible to the approval of the Feggs Mitre 10 project to ensure that the are approved for construction. Due to the failure to have this process, the construction phase where the contractor is expected to undertake the activities will be unable to begin (Hughes Ferrett, (2016). These documents are able to provide the quality of the project since the authorities must be able to make sure that they are able to meet different specifications. The drawings and other documents approval are key for this project. The Feggs Mitre 10 project has several categories of the projects which must be analyzed and approved by the authorities. Moreo ver, the architect, P. J. O'Reilly Associates is the best party who is responsible for making sure that the designs and other documents are approved. After the design, the failure for the timely submission and approval must be met. The different drawing for Feggs Mitre 10 projects is able to address different aspects of the project. The projects must be analyzed and be approved by the authorities. The P. J. O'Reilly Associates should be able to follow up and make sure that these documents are approved and issue them to the contractor. When delay on the approval occurs, P. J. O'Reilly Associates can be able to hold meeting with the authorities to ensure that the documents are provided on time. This will ensure that the project is able to begin on time and the planning is efficient with all relevant materials. In addition, in order to start this project at high note, the key parties must be able to coordinate well (Wu, 2011). The Feggs Mitre 10 project has several key parties who need to coordinate well in order to achieve the required completion goal (Burtonshaw-Gunn, 2017). In many cases, the different parties is a project may have different vies which may lead to their un-satisfaction with others. This may cause rift among the parties and therefore be able to lead to the ineffective project execution. The Feggs Mitre 10 project has key parties who include the client, Fegg Bros Pty Ltd, the architect, P. J. O'Reilly Associates and the contractor, Lyons construction. This early misunderstanding may prove to be critical to the project implementation. This may lead to increase of confrontations and arguments on the way to execute the project on any given time (Construction Industry Publications, Ltd, Construction Confederation, 1999). This may take time and therefore be able to lead to wo rk delays. Project of the magnitude of Feggs Mitre 10 project require proper coordination where all parties are able to speak with one voice. This will ensure that the project is well implemented. In order to resolve this risk, the client, Fegg Bros Pty Ltd is the best party who is able to resolve the lack of coordination between the parties. Since all the other parties have contract and agreements with the client, he is able to resolve the different issues of coordinate which are in the project. In addition, P. J. O'Reilly Associates is also able to act on behave of the client in order to resolve these issues. As a client representative, can hold meeting will all the available clients in order to be able to resolve the coordination issues. This will be the best dispute resolution measure which can be applied to ensure that the progress of the planning of the project is not affected. Another key risk, which is found on the pre-construction phase, is the errors, omissions and discrepancies in the designs. The designs are key part of the planning stages and any problems on them can lead to the stalling of the project (ztas And kmen, 2005). The Feggs Mitre 10 project has several key designs which need to be used in order to accomplish different activities. When these problems are learnt early, the redesign and analysis of the designs must be done to ensure that the project meet the specific provisions (Lingard Rowlinson, 2005). The Feggs Mitre 10 project is a key project which involve detailed designs according to the different drawings presented. The architect, P. J. O'Reilly Associates is the party who is able to resolve these problems in the designs. The architects are the experts who can be able to look at the designs and be able to identify any issues. Moreover, v can use dialogue between the client and the other parties in order to be able to resolve the des ign problems and enhance the planning. In addition, during the construction phase, many risks are also experienced and noticed. One of the key reason, which can be experienced in the process, is the cost overruns. The changes in the different parameters are able to lead to the cost overruns in a projects. This happens when the contractor was able to mention the full lump sum for the costs and thus unable to enhance the project construction (Bunni, 2011). The Feggs Mitre 10 project is able to address this risk by providing and estimate of the cost of project. The project is given a range, which the project must be able to achieve its mandate. Te feggs Mitre 10 project is estimated to cost between $5 million and $10 million. This range is able to show that the project cost may go with project. The contractor, Lyons contractor and the architect, P. J. O'Reilly Associates are in the pole position in the resolving of this risk. In terms of the dispute resolution, the architect may use the different details and ensure that all parties are moving in one direction. Moreover, the projects are estimated to take certain timeline. The violation of the deadline is highly discouraged in the projects and this required proper analysis (Smith, Merna Jobling, 2014). The delay on the completion is able to attract many more expenses therefore making the project costly. The contractor, Lyons construction and the architect, P. J. O'Reilly Associates are the key parties who are able to resolve this problem. The architect, P. J. O'Reilly Associates can be able to analyze the reasons for the untimely project construction. In order to resolve this problem, P. J. O'Reilly Associates can call a meeting and ensure that the different timely activities are executed on time. Dialogue and meeting are key in ensuring that the risks in this sector are fully resolved. In addition, during the construction phase, the adversarial relationships are key to ensure that the projected is executed within the deadline (Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain), 2006 and Osipova, Apleberger, 2007). As the number of parties in a construction site increase, the adversarial communication is able to decrease. This cause the lack of communication which may lead to lack of well flow of the information which is meant for construction. The resolving of the adversarial relationship is key for the Feggs Mitre 10 project. This will ensure that the timely completion is achieved according to the requirement. The client, Fegg Bros Pty Ltd and the architect, P. J. O'Reilly Associates are key parties who can help to resolve this issue. In order to attain the required results, P. J. O'Reilly Associates can use the meeting at site to ensure that the relationships between the different parties are enhanced (Ludhra, 2015). This is an important dispute resolution mechani sm which can be used to ensure that the different parties are able to pass the information to other parties in the industry. In conclusion, the risks in both the pre-construction and construction phases are key in enhancing the projects completion. Moreover, for Feggs Mitre 10, the resolution is able to show that the project need a strong resolution mechanisms. The increase and complexity of the Fegg Mitre 10 project is key to ensure that the different personnel meet their targets. Dialogue and meeting are some of the key dispute resolution mechanisms which is able to consider their movement. the analysis of the risks and their issues is able extend the construction project and ensure timely completion. References ATKIN, B., BORGBRANT, J., JOSEPHSON, P.-E. (2003). Construction process improvement. Oxford, Blackwell Science. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=351032. BUNNI, N. G. (2011). Risk and insurance in construction. London, Spon Press. BURTONSHAW-GUNN, S. A. (2017). Risk and Financial Management in Construction. https://lib.myilibrary.com?id=997116. CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY PUBLICATIONS, LTD, CONSTRUCTION CONFEDERATION. (1999). Risk assessment in construction guide. 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